Advances in metabolic engineering of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of chemicals [27]

From figure legend: examples of chemicals produced via yeast‐based fermentation on commercial or demonstration scale. The largest producers of the given bio‐based chemicals are shown along with the annual production capacities (September 2013).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

From figure legend: examples of synthetic biology tools used for metabolic engineering of S. cerevisiae. Intracellular activity of a protein (middle box) can be increased (green arrow upward) or decreased (red arrow downward) by a variety of genetic manipulations, which affect transcription, translation or post‐translational processing.